Hemoglobinopathy is a group of disorders in which there is abnormal production or structure of the hemoglobin molecule. It is passed down through families (inherited). A hemoglobinopathy is a genetic disorder which alters the structure of hemoglobin. The result is reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood to the tissues, and other sequelae.

Bleeding Disorders A bleeding disorder is a condition that affects the way your blood normally clots. The clotting process, also known as coagulation, changes blood from a liquid to a solid. When you’re injured, your blood normally begins to clot to prevent a massive loss of blood. Sometimes, certain conditions prevent blood from clotting properly, which can result in heavy or prolonged bleeding. Bleeding disorders can cause abnormal bleeding both outside and inside the body. Some disorders can drastically increase the amount of blood leaving your body. Others cause bleeding to occur under the skin or in vital organs, such as the brain.

Immunodeficiency Disorders Immunodeficiency disorders prevent your body from fighting infections and diseases. This type of disorder makes it easier for you to catch viruses and bacterial infections. Immunodeficiency disorders are either congenital or acquired. A congenital, or primary, disorder is one you were born with. Acquired, or secondary, disorders you get later in life. Acquired disorders are more common than congenital disorders. What are the different types of immunodeficiency disorders? An immune deficiency disease occurs when the immune system is not working properly. If you are born with a deficiency or if there is a genetic cause, it is called primary immunodeficiency disease. There are more than 100 primary immunodeficiency disorders. Examples of primary immunodeficiency disorders include: X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), which is known as alymphocytosis or “boy in a bubble” disease Signs of an immunodeficiency disorder Each disorder has unique symptoms that can be frequent or chronic. Some of these symptoms can include: Sinus Infections Colds Diarrhea Pneumonia Yeast Infections If these problems don’t respond to treatment or you don’t completely get better over time, your doctor might test you for an immunodeficiency disorder. How are immunodeficiency disorders treated? Treatment for immunodeficiency disorders commonly includes antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, medication and immunoglobulin therapy. Most of the primary immunodeficiency disorder diseases can be permanently cured with HSCT.

Bone marrow transplant (BMT) also called as hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is the procedure that is used to replace the unhealthy bone marrow with new and healthy bone marrow. Bone marrow is the soft, fatty tissue inside the bones that is responsible for the production of blood cells. There are several medical conditions due to which the bone marrow become dysfunctional and therefore needs to be replaced. Further there are multiple types of Bone Marrow Transplants based on the donor of the bone marrow or stem cells.