Hemoglobinopathy is a group of disorders in which there is abnormal production or structure of the hemoglobin molecule. It is passed down through families (inherited). A hemoglobinopathy is a genetic disorder which alters the structure of hemoglobin. The result is reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood to the tissues, and other sequelae.

Bone marrow transplant (BMT) also called as hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is the procedure that is used to replace the unhealthy bone marrow with new and healthy bone marrow. Bone marrow is the soft, fatty tissue inside the bones that is responsible for the production of blood cells. There are several medical conditions due to which the bone marrow become dysfunctional and therefore needs to be replaced. Further there are multiple types of Bone Marrow Transplants based on the donor of the bone marrow or stem cells.